Introduction

In this training you’re going to make an assembly of data produced by “Complete Genome Sequences of Eight Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Patients in Japan” from Hikichi et al. 2019 which describes:

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major pathogen causing nosocomial infections, and the clinical manifestations of MRSA range from asymptomatic colonization of the nasal mucosa to soft tissue infection to fulminant invasive disease. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of eight MRSA strains isolated from patients in Japan.

Agenda

In this tutorial, we will cover:

1. Introduction
2. Background
3. Quality Control
4. Assembly
   1. Genome Assembly Evaluation
5. Identification of AMR Genes
   1. CARD database
   2. Gene annotation using Prokka
6. Conclusion

Background

Sequencing (determining of DNA/RNA nucleotide sequence) is used all over the world for all kinds of analysis. The product of these sequencers are reads, which are sequences of detected nucleotides. Depending on the technique these have specific lengths (30-500bp) or using Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing have much longer variable lengths.

Comment: Illumina MiSeq sequencing

Illumina MiSeq sequencing is based on sequencing by synthesis. As the name suggests, fluorescent labels are measured for every base that bind at a specific moment at a specific place on a flow cell. These flow cells are covered with oligos (small single strand DNA strands). In the library preparation the DNA strands are cut into small DNA fragments (differs per kit/device) and specific pieces of DNA (adapters) are added, which are complementary to the oligos. Using bridge amplification large amounts of clusters of these DNA fragments are made. The reverse string is washed away, making the clusters single stranded. Fluorescent bases are added one by one, which emit a specific light for different bases when added. This is happening for whole clusters, so this light can be detected and this data is basecalled (translation from light to a nucleotide) to a nucleotide sequence (Read). For every base a quality score is determined and also saved per read. This process is repeated for the reverse strand on the same place on the flow cell, so the forward and reverse reads are from the same DNA strand. The forward and reversed reads are linked together and should always be processed together!

For more information watch this video from Illumina

Hands-on: Data upload

1. Create a new history for this tutorial

2. Import Tool: upload1 the files from Zenodo or from the shared data library

   https://zenodo.org/record/4534098/files/DRR187559_1.fastqsanger.bz2
   https://zenodo.org/record/4534098/files/DRR187559_2.fastqsanger.bz2
   

   Tip: Importing via links

   • Copy the link location

   • Open the Galaxy Upload Manager (galaxy-upload on the top-right of the tool panel)

   • Select Paste/Fetch Data

   • Paste the link(s) into the text field

   • Press Start

   • Close the window

   Tip: Importing data from a data library

   As an alternative to uploading the data from a URL or your computer, the files may also have been made available from a shared data library:

   1. Go into Shared data (top panel) then Data libraries
   2. Navigate to the correct folder as indicated by your instructor
   3. Select the desired files
   4. Click on Add to History galaxy-dropdown near the top and select as Datasets from the dropdown menu

   5. In the pop-up window, choose

      • “Select history”: the history you want to import the data to (or create a new one)
   6. Click on Import

3. Convert the datatype of this output to uncompress it

   Tip: Converting the file format

   • Click on the galaxy-pencil pencil icon for the dataset to edit its attributes
   • In the central panel, click on the galaxy-gear Convert tab on the top
   • In the upper part galaxy-gear Convert, select Convert compressed to uncompressed
   • Click the Create dataset button to start the conversion.

4. Rename the uncompressed dataset to just the sequence run ID: DRR187559_1 and DRR187559_2

   Tip: Renaming a dataset

   • Click on the galaxy-pencil pencil icon for the dataset to edit its attributes
   • In the central panel, change the Name field to DRR187559_1
   • Click the Save button

5. Tag the dataset #unfiltered

   Tip: Adding a tag

   • Click on the dataset
   • Click on galaxy-tags Add Tags

   • Add a tag starting with #

     Tags starting with # will be automatically propagated to the outputs of tools using this dataset.

   • Check that the tag is appearing below the dataset name

6. View galaxy-eye the renamed file

   Question

   1. What are the 4 main features of each read in a fastq file.
   2. What does the _1 and _2 mean in your filenames?

   Solution

   1. The following:

      • A @ followed by a name and sometimes information of the read
      • A nucleotide sequence
      • A + (optional followed by the name)
      • The quality score per base of nucleotide sequence (Each symbol represents a quality score, which will be explained later)

   2. Forward and reverse reads, by convention, are labelled _1 and _2, but they might also be _f/_r or _r1/_r2.

Quality Control

When assessing the fastq files all bases had their own quality (or Phred score) represented by symbols. You can read more in our dedicated Quality Control Tutorial.

To assess the quality by hand would be too much work. That’s why tools like NanoPlot or FastQC are made, which will generate a summary and plots of the data statistics. NanoPlot is mainly used for long-read data, like ONT and PACBIO and FastQC for short read, like Illumina and Sanger.

Before doing any assembly, the first questions you should ask about your input reads include:

• What is the coverage of my genome?
• How good are my reads?
• Do I need to ask/perform for a new sequencing run?
• Is it suitable for the analysis I need to do?

Hands-on: QC & Filtering

1. FastQC Tool: toolshed.g2.bx.psu.edu/repos/devteam/fastqc/fastqc/0.72+galaxy1 with the following parameters:
   • param-files “Short read data from your current history”: DRR187559_1 and DRR187559_2
2. Examine the output “WebPage” files

DRR187559_1	DRR187559_2

FastQC combines all quality statistics from all separate reads and combines them in plots. An important plot is the Per base sequence quality. Here you have the reads sequence length on the x-axes against the quality score (Phred-score) on the y-axis. The y-axis is divided in three sections: Green = good quality, Orange = mediocre quality and red = bad quality. For Illumina data it is normal that the first few bases are of some lower quality and how longer the reads get the worse the quality becomes. This is often due to signal decay or phasing during the sequencing run.

For each position, a boxplot is drawn with:

• the median value, represented by the central red line
• the inter-quartile range (25-75%), represented by the yellow box
• the 10% and 90% values in the upper and lower whiskers
• the mean quality, represented by the blue line

Depending on the analysis it could be possible that a certain quality or length is needed. In this case we’re going to trim the data using Trimmomatic. Here we will trim the start (LEADING) and end (TRAILING)of the reads if those fall below a quality score of 20. Different trimming tools have different algorithms for deciding when to cut but trimmomatic will cut based on the quality csore of one base alone. Trimmomatic starts from each end, and as long as the base is below 20, it will be cut until it reaches one greater than 20. A sliding window trimming will be performed where if the average quality of 4 bases drops below 20, the read will be truncated there. And last we will also filter for reads which are at least 30 bases long, anything shorter will complicate the assembly and we will drop.

Hands-on: Assessing the data quality of the trimmed reads and comparing to the input reads

1. Trimmomatic Tool: toolshed.g2.bx.psu.edu/repos/pjbriggs/trimmomatic/trimmomatic/0.38.1 with the following parameters:
   • “Single-end or paired-end reads?”: Paired-end (two separate input files)
     • param-file “Input FASTQ file (R1/first of pair)”: DRR187559_1 uncompressed
     • param-file “Input FASTQ file (R2/second of pair)”: DRR187559_2 uncompressed
   • “Perform initial ILLUMINACLIP step?”: Yes
   • In “Trimmomatic Operation”:
     • param-repeat “Insert Trimmomatic Operation”
       • “Select Trimmomatic operation to perform”: Cut bases off the start of a read, if below a threshold quality (LEADING)
         • “Minimum quality required to keep a base”: 20
     • param-repeat “Insert Trimmomatic Operation”
       • “Select Trimmomatic operation to perform”: Cut bases off the end of a read, if below a threshold quality (TRAILING)
         • “Minimum quality required to keep a base”: 20
     • param-repeat “Insert Trimmomatic Operation”
       • “Select Trimmomatic operation to perform”: Sliding window trimming (SLIDINGWINDOW)
         • “Number of bases to average across”: 4
         • “Average quality required”: 20
     • param-repeat “Insert Trimmomatic Operation”
       • “Select Trimmomatic operation to perform”: Drop reads below a specified length (MINLEN)
         • “Minimum length of reads to be kept”: 30

   This produces two sets of output files, the R1/R2 paired, and R1/R2 unpaired.

   • The first first two are the paired reads, the reads in each of those files match up.
   • The second two are the unpaired reads where one of the two reads was discarded.

2. Edit the tags of the trimmomatic outputs. Remove the #unfiltered tag and add a new tag, #filtered

   Tip: Adding a tag

   • Click on the dataset
   • Click on galaxy-tags Add Tags

   • Add a tag starting with #

     Tags starting with # will be automatically propagated to the outputs of tools using this dataset.

   • Check that the tag is appearing below the dataset name

3. FastQC Tool: toolshed.g2.bx.psu.edu/repos/devteam/fastqc/fastqc/0.72+galaxy1 with the following parameters:
   • param-files “Short read data from your current history”: Trimmomatic on DRR187559_1 (R1 Paired) and Trimmomatic on DRR187559_2 (R2 Paired)
4. MultiQC Tool: toolshed.g2.bx.psu.edu/repos/iuc/multiqc/multiqc/1.9 with the following parameters:
   • In “Results”:
     • param-repeat “Insert Results”
       • “Which tool was used generate logs?”: FastQC
         • In “FastQC output”:
           • param-repeat “Insert FastQC output”
             • param-files “FastQC output”: select all of the FastQC on data ... RawData files. You should have 4; 2 FastQCs from before trimming, 2 from after trimming.

MultiQC is a tool to combine multiple outputs in one clear and easy to read overview. It generates plots to easily visualize the different quality statistics of all your fastq files.

Question

Looking at your MultiQC on data ....: Webpage output, answer the following questions:

1. How did the duplicate reads change from before to after?
2. How did the average read length change?
3. Did trimming improve the mean quality scores?
4. Did trimming affect the GC content?
5. Is this data ok to assemble? Do we need to re-sequence it?

Solution

1. There were slight decreases in duplicate reads (19.8% → 18%, 21.2% → 20.5%)
2. Read lengths went down more significantly; 191 to 152 bp, and 221 to 192 bp. These are still probably fine for assembly but you’ll see that MultiQC has marked the 152 bp result in yellow.
3. Yes, definitely. It is most visible at the end of the reads, they stay completely in the “green zone”, unlike the untrimmed data which falls into the yellow.
4. No, it did not. If it had, that would be unexpected.
5. This data looks OK. The number of shorter reads in R1 is not optimal but it should assemble something. Probably not the entire, closed genomes but something.

Assembly

When the quality of the reads is determined and the data is filtered and/or trimmed (like we did with trimmomatic) an assembly can be made.

There are many tools that create assembly for short-read data, but in this tutorial Shovill will be used. Shovill is a SPAdes based genome assembler, improved to work faster and only for smaller (bacterial) genomes.

Comment: Results may vary

Your results may be slightly different from the ones presented in this tutorial due to differing versions of tools, reference data, external databases, or because of stochastic processes in the algorithms.

Hands-on: Assembly using Shovill

1. Shovill Tool: toolshed.g2.bx.psu.edu/repos/iuc/shovill/shovill/1.1.0+galaxy0 with the following parameters:
   • “Input reads type, collection or single library”: Paired End
     • param-file “Forward reads (R1)”: Trimmomatic on DRR187559_1 uncompressed (R1 paired)
     • param-file “Reverse reads (R2)”: Trimmomatic on DRR187559_2 uncompressed (R2 paired)
   • In “Advanced options”:
     • “Estimated genome size”: 2914567
     • “Minimum contig length”: 500

2. View galaxy-eye the Contigs file:

   Question

   1. How big is the first contig?
   2. What is the coverage of your biggest (first) contig?

   Solution

   Both of these can be found in the header line of the Contigs produced by Shovill

   NOTE: The results can differ from this example, because Shovill can differ a bit per assembly

   1. 419691 bp
   2. 14.1

3. Bandage Image Tool: toolshed.g2.bx.psu.edu/repos/iuc/bandage/bandage_image/0.8.1+galaxy2 with the following parameters:

   • param-file “Graphical Fragment Assembly”: Shovill on ... Contig Graph

4. View galaxy-eye the assembly graph image

   

Question

First read this page in the Bandage wiki to help understand what the graph means.

1. What do you think of this assembly? Is it useful? Is it good enough?

Solution

1. This is a very messy assembly, with a lot of potential paths through the sequence. We cannot feel confident in the output .fasta file (as it is much smaller than the expected 2.9Mbp). In real life we might consider doing a hybrid assembly with Nanopore or other long read data to help resolve these issues.

Genome Assembly Evaluation

Quast (Gurevich et al. 2013) is a tool providing quality metrics for assemblies, and can also be used to compare multiple assemblies. The tool can also take an optional reference file as input, and will provide complementary metrics. QUAST stands for QUality ASsessment Tool. With later updates gene annotation also possible with QUAST.

Hands-on: Quality Control of assembly using Quast

1. Quast Tool: toolshed.g2.bx.psu.edu/repos/iuc/quast/quast/5.0.2+galaxy1 with the following parameters:
   • “Use customized names for the input files?”: No, use dataset names
     • param-file “Contigs/scaffolds file”: Shovill on ... Contigs

2. View galaxy-eye the HTML report from QUAST

   The Quast tool outputs assembly metrics as an html file with metrics and graphs. The image below looks exceptionally boring. This is a good thing, because each corner means one contig. A contig is the contiguous sequence made by combining all separate reads in the assembly

   

This fasta file contains 32 contigs, meaning the chromosome is separated over multiple contigs. These contigs can also contain (parts of) plasmids.

Question

1. What is you GC content?

Solution

1. The GC content for our assembly was 32.77% (for comparison MRSA Isolate HC1335 Strain GC% is 32.89%). This means the length and GC% of the assembly could be good!

Identification of AMR Genes

Because we are working with a MRSA we are curious to see which resistance genes are located on the genome or on the plasmid. To determine whether the contigs contain antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes staramr can be used Staramr scans bacterial genome contigs against both the ResFinder (Zankari et al. 2012), PointFinder (Zankari et al. 2017), and PlasmidFinder (Carattoli et al. 2014) databases (used by the ResFinder webservice) and compiles a summary report of detected antimicrobial resistance genes.

Hands-on: Run staramr

1. staramr Tool: toolshed.g2.bx.psu.edu/repos/nml/staramr/staramr_search/0.7.1+galaxy2 with the following parameters:
   • param-file “genomes”: Shovill on data ... Contigs

   There are 7 different output files produced by staramr tool:

   File	Contents
   summary.tsv	A summary of all detected AMR genes/mutations in each genome, one genome per line.
   detailed_summary.tsv	A detailed summary of all detected AMR genes/mutations of each genome, one line per feature and multiple lines per genome.
   resfinder.tsv	A tabular file of each AMR gene and additional BLAST information from the ResFinder database, one gene per line.
   Plasmidfinder.tsv	A tabular file of each plastid sequences with additional BLAST information from the PlasmidFinder database, one sequence per line.
   settings.txt	The command-line, database versions, and other settings used to run staramr.
   mlst.tsv	A tabular file of the found loci per genome with its specified MLST scheme.
   results.xlsx	An Excel spreadsheet containing the previous 4 files as separate worksheets.

2. View galaxy-eye the detailed_summary.tsv file
   • In this example the ST-typing could not be obtained. Multi-locus sequence type (MLST) is based on specific locus/alleles, which is sometimes hard to determine with error rich sequence data (like NanoPore).
   • For the plasmid and resistance results the identity, overlap, length and the location on the contig can be found here.
   • Multiple rep sequences are located on the second contig. (See “plasmid typing for gram-positive bacteria” Lozano et al. 2012 for more information)
   • Multiple resistance genes can be found on both contig 1 and contig 2.
   • In the last column there are “Accession” numbers. These are references to NCBI, and you can search for these numbers there. E.g. M13771

CARD database

To get more information about these antibiotic resistant genes, you can check the CARD database (Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database) (Jia et al. 2016)

CARD can be very helpful to check all the resistance genes and check if it is logical to find the resistance gene in a specific bacteria.

Question

1. To what family does mecA belong?
2. Do you expect to find this gene in this MRSA strain and why?
3. Is the accession number of the entry related to the accession reported by staramr?

Solution

1. Methicillin resistant PBP2
2. The strain we use is a Methicillin(multi) resistant Staphylococcus aureus. As mecA has a perfect resistome mach with S. aureus, and the AMR Gene Family is methicillin resistant PBP2, we expect to see mecA in MRSA.
3. No, these are completely unrelated. Unfortunately this is a very common issue in bioinformatics. Everyone builds their own numbering system for entries in their database (usually calling them ‘accessions’), and then someone else needs to build a service to link these databases.

Gene annotation using Prokka

Prokka is a tool software tool to rapidly annotate bacterial, archaeal and viral genomes. Prokka will be used on your own made genome (assembly). Prokka will try to annotate the bacteria based on related species and starting codons can be chosen or default of the species can be used.

JBrowse is used to visualize your genome file and merge multiple outputs.
In this case you will use your assembly as your reference and the output from prokka as an information track.

Hands-on: Annotating the Genome

1. Prokka Tool: toolshed.g2.bx.psu.edu/repos/crs4/prokka/prokka/1.14.5+galaxy0 with the following parameters:
   • param-file “Contigs to annotate”: Shovill on data ... Contigs
   • “Genus name (–genus)”: staphylococcus
   • “Species name (–species)”: aureus
   • “Kingdom (–kingdom)”: Bacteria
   • “Additional outputs”: Select only the “Annotation in GFF3 format contaianing both sequences and annotations”
2. Select lines that match an expression Tool: Grep1 with the following parameters:
   • param-file “Select lines from”: staramr on data .. detailed_summary.tsv
   • “that”: Matching
   • “the pattern”: [0-9]+\.[0-9]+\t

   This will select lines with a decimal value (###.##) followed by a tab character, the column separator in Galaxy. As a result, any lines without an identity value will be filtered out.

3. Table to GFF3 Tool: toolshed.g2.bx.psu.edu/repos/iuc/tbl2gff3/tbl2gff3/1.2
   • param-file “Table”: the output of the above Select lines tool step.
   • “Record ID column or value”: 8
   • “Feature start column or value”: 9
   • “Feature end column or value”: 10
   • “Feature score column or value”: 5
   • “Feature source column or value”: 3
   • param-repeat “Insert Qualifiers”
     • “Name”: Name
     • “Qualifier value column or raw text”: 2
   • param-repeat “Insert Qualifiers”
     • “Name”: phenotype
     • “Qualifier value column or raw text”: 4
   • param-repeat “Insert Qualifiers”
     • “Name”: accession
     • “Qualifier value column or raw text”: 11
4. Bowtie2 Tool: toolshed.g2.bx.psu.edu/repos/devteam/bowtie2/bowtie2/2.3.4.3+galaxy0 with the following parameters:
   • “Is this single or paired library”: Paired-end
     • param-file “FASTA/Q file #1”: Trimmomatic on DRR187559_1 uncompressed (R1 paired) (output of Trimmomatic tool)
     • param-file “FASTA/Q file #2”: Trimmomatic on DRR187559_2 uncompressed (R2 paired) (output of Trimmomatic tool)
   • “Will you select a reference genome from your history or use a built-in index?”: Use a genome from the history and build index
     • param-file “Select reference genome”: contigs (output of Shovill tool)
   • “Select analysis mode”: 1: Default setting only - You should have a look at the non-default parameters and try to understand them, but they don’t need to be changed currently.
   • “Save the bowtie2 mapping statistics to the history”: Yes
5. JBrowse Tool: toolshed.g2.bx.psu.edu/repos/iuc/jbrowse/jbrowse/1.16.9+galaxy0 with the following parameters:
   • “Reference genome to display”: Use a genome from history
     • param-file “Select the reference genome”: Shovill on ...: Contigs (output of Shovill assembly tool)
   • “Genetic Code”: 11. The Bacterial, Archaeal and Plant Plastid Code
   • In “Track Group”:
     • param-repeat “Insert Track Group”
       • “Track Category”: Prokka
       • In “Annotation Track”:
         • param-repeat “Insert Annotation Track”
           • “Track Type”: GFF/GFF3/BED Features
             • param-file “GFF/GFF3/BED Track Data”: Prokka on data ...: gff (output of Prokka tool)
             • “JBrowse Track Type [Advanced]”: Neat Canvas Features
             • “Track Visibility”: On for new users
     • param-repeat “Insert Track Group”
       • “Track Category”: AMR
       • In “Annotation Track”:
         • param-repeat “Insert Annotation Track”
           • “Track Type”: GFF/GFF3/BED Features
             • param-file “GFF/GFF3/BED Track Data”: Table to GFF3 on ..., the output of the table to gff3 step
             • “JBrowse Track Type [Advanced]”: Neat Canvas Features
             • “Track Visibility”: On for new users
     • param-repeat “Insert Track Group”
       • “Track Category”: Sequencing
       • In “Annotation Track”:
         • param-repeat “Insert Annotation Track”
           • “Track Type”: BAM Pileups
             • param-file “BAM Track Data”: Bowtie2’s output
             • “Autogenerate SNP Track”: Yes
6. View the output of JBrowse

In the output of the JBrowse you can view the mapped reads and the found genes against the reference genome. With the search tools you can easily find genes of interest. JBrowse can handle many inputs and can be very useful. Using the bowtie2 mapping output, low coverage regions can be detected. This SNP detection can also give a clear view of where the data was less reliable or where variations were located.

If it takes too long to build the JBrowse instance, you can view an embedded one here. (Warning: feature name search will not work.)

Open JBrowse in a new tab

Conclusion

Key points

• Illumina assemblies can be done with Shovill, but the assemblies are not completely resolved

• Annotation with Prokka is very easy

Frequently Asked Questions

References

1. Lozano, C., Garcı́a-Migura Lourdes, C. Aspiroz, M. Zarazaga, C. Torres et al., 2012 Expansion of a Plasmid Classification System for Gram-Positive Bacteria and Determination of the Diversity of Plasmids in Staphylococcus aureus Strains of Human, Animal, and Food Origins. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78: 5948–5955. 10.1128/aem.00870-12
2. Zankari, E., H. Hasman, S. Cosentino, M. Vestergaard, S. Rasmussen et al., 2012 Identification of acquired antimicrobial resistance genes. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 67: 2640–2644. 10.1093/jac/dks261
3. Gurevich, A., V. Saveliev, N. Vyahhi, and G. Tesler, 2013 QUAST: quality assessment tool for genome assemblies. Bioinformatics 29: 1072–1075. 10.1093/bioinformatics/btt086
4. Carattoli, A., E. Zankari, Garcı́a-Fernández Aurora, M. V. Larsen, O. Lund et al., 2014 In SilicoDetection and Typing of Plasmids using PlasmidFinder and Plasmid Multilocus Sequence Typing. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58: 3895–3903. 10.1128/aac.02412-14
5. Jia, B., A. R. Raphenya, B. Alcock, N. Waglechner, P. Guo et al., 2016 CARD 2017: expansion and model-centric curation of the comprehensive antibiotic resistance database. Nucleic Acids Research 45: D566–D573. 10.1093/nar/gkw1004
6. Zankari, E., R. Allesøe, K. G. Joensen, L. M. Cavaco, O. Lund et al., 2017 PointFinder: a novel web tool for WGS-based detection of antimicrobial resistance associated with chromosomal point mutations in bacterial pathogens. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 72: 2764–2768. 10.1093/jac/dkx217
7. Hikichi, M., M. Nagao, K. Murase, C. Aikawa, T. Nozawa et al., 2019 Complete Genome Sequences of Eight Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Patients in Japan (I. L. G. Newton, Ed.). Microbiology Resource Announcements 8: 10.1128/mra.01212-19

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Citing this Tutorial

1. Bazante Sanders, Genome Assembly of MRSA using Illumina MiSeq Data (Galaxy Training Materials). http://0.0.0.0:4000/training-material/topics/assembly/tutorials/mrsa-illumina/tutorial.html Online; accessed TODAY
2. Batut et al., 2018 Community-Driven Data Analysis Training for Biology Cell Systems 10.1016/j.cels.2018.05.012

BibTeX

@misc{assembly-mrsa-illumina,
author = "Bazante Sanders",
title = "Genome Assembly of MRSA using Illumina MiSeq Data (Galaxy Training Materials)",
year = "",
month = "",
day = ""
url = "\url{http://0.0.0.0:4000/training-material/topics/assembly/tutorials/mrsa-illumina/tutorial.html}",
note = "[Online; accessed TODAY]"
}
@article{Hiltemann_2023,
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010752},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pcbi.1010752},
	year = 2023,
	month = {jan},
	publisher = {Public Library of Science ({PLoS})},
	volume = {19},
	number = {1},
	pages = {e1010752},
	author = {Saskia Hiltemann and Helena Rasche and Simon Gladman and Hans-Rudolf Hotz and Delphine Larivi{\`{e}}re and Daniel Blankenberg and Pratik D. Jagtap and Thomas Wollmann and Anthony Bretaudeau and Nadia Gou{\'{e}} and Timothy J. Griffin and Coline Royaux and Yvan Le Bras and Subina Mehta and Anna Syme and Frederik Coppens and Bert Droesbeke and Nicola Soranzo and Wendi Bacon and Fotis Psomopoulos and Crist{\'{o}}bal Gallardo-Alba and John Davis and Melanie Christine Föll and Matthias Fahrner and Maria A. Doyle and Beatriz Serrano-Solano and Anne Claire Fouilloux and Peter van Heusden and Wolfgang Maier and Dave Clements and Florian Heyl and Björn Grüning and B{\'{e}}r{\'{e}}nice Batut and},
	editor = {Francis Ouellette},
	title = {Galaxy Training: A powerful framework for teaching!},
	journal = {PLoS Comput Biol} Computational Biology}
}

                   

Funding

These individuals or organisations provided funding support for the development of this resource

See Funder Profile

A number of our employees contribute directly to the Galaxy Training Network and seek to make our higher education learning materials more accessible to a wider audience through the GTN platform. avans.nl

Go Further

Do you want to extend your knowledge? Follow one of our recommended follow-up trainings:

• Visualisation
  • Genomic Data Visualisation with JBrowse: slides slides - tutorial hands-on
• Using Galaxy and Managing your Data
  • Extracting Workflows from Histories: tutorial hands-on

Galaxy Administrators: Install the missing tools

You can use Ephemeris's shed-tools install command to install the tools used in this tutorial.

shed-tools install [-g GALAXY] [-a API_KEY] -t <(curl http://localhost:4000//training-material//api/topics/assembly/tutorials/mrsa-illumina/tutorial.json | jq .admin_install_yaml -r)

Alternatively you can copy and paste the following YAML

--- {}